Crab on the Menu: Climate Change Could Make Local Food Available in Svalbard

A study led by Grete Lorentzen, main researcher at the Norwegian food research institute Nofima, has examined whether snow crab and king crab could supply local food and tourism products in Svalbard. The authors say the two species could be the basis of a new kind of Arctic food culture on the archipelago, provided that regulations and framework conditions are put in place.

Svalbard imports almost all of its food. Tourism is growing, and visitors are asking for local food, authentic experiences and sustainability. Warmer seas mean both crab species are turning up more often around Svalbard, and they are expected to reach commercial quantities within the coming decade. The tourism strategy has moved away from attracting more visitors and toward creating more value in the industry. The researchers write that local food traditions and exclusive dining could add value, and that both crabs have high food quality suited to upmarket Arctic cooking.

Methods included surveys of tourists, workshops with local stakeholders and test fishing for snow crab. Most tourists knew little about the species, but they were very interested in local cuisine and ready to pay extra for fresh, locally sourced ingredients. Chefs in Svalbard also wanted more local ingredients. Restaurant meals with local crab appealed most, and packages mixing crab fishing, sightseeing and meals also did well. Stakeholders and tourists both raised concerns about food sustainability.

The researchers argue that small-scale fishing with pots does little damage to nature and is gentle on the seabed. They add that keeping crab alive before sale suits Svalbard because the sea is naturally cold, giving better raw material and animal welfare.

Crab fishing in Svalbard has long been disputed, because of disagreement over how far from the coast the Svalbard Treaty applies. The researchers write that this dispute does not cover the fjords, yet the Norwegian government has hesitated to allow fishing there. Most fisheries rules do not apply in Svalbard, so no clear rules exist for commercial harvesting and sale of seafood. Without clarification from the authorities, the study says, local jobs and seafood will remain unrealized.